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- Gregor Johann Mendel
-
- Gregor Mendel was born in Heinzendorff in 1822 and died in 1884.
- Ever since Mendel was a boy he was very interested in science.
- Whenever his friends would come back from school they would tell Mendel
- what they studied and he would be so excited. Mendel was so interested
- about what his friends told him that he begged his father to let him
- study. This meant a great sacrifice to his father he because owned a
- small farm.
- Needless to say, he sent his young son Gregor, who was only eleven
- to school. At school Mendel showed great intelligence so much that his
- parents decided to deny themselves the pleasures of life to keep their
- son in school. When Mendel was a young man, he became a science
- teacher, and a monk. He had a pea garden, there he conducted his
- experiments that are renowned by science teachers today.
- People told Mendel that he looked like his father. He would think
- to himself, why do some people resemble their father and some people
- their mother? Many men before Mendel thought that very same question,
- yet with all their efforts to figure out this mystery only made things
- more complex. How does heredity work? Mendel chose to answer this
- question with peas. Because peas are easily bred, and grow quickly
- made them a perfect candidate for hereditary experiments.
- Mendel tried experiments with crossing tall pea plants with short
- pea plants, the results were tall ones. Mendel thought that this
- tallness trait must have been the dominant trait. Of course he did not
- let this matter rest here, He left the tall children alone until they
- formed ripe seeds. Then he took the seeds and planted them. Then the
- "grandchildren" plants grew. What happened surprised Mendel not all of
- the plants were tall, 1 out of every four plants grown were short.
- Mendel thought that shortness must be a recessive trait.
- Mendel tilled and grew more pea plants in groups of four. Yet
- something even more surprising came to be - the short plant of the four
- offspring had nothing but short offspring, and one tall plant had
- nothing but tall offspring, but the other two plants gave a mixture,
- one short offspring for every three tall ones.
- Mendel thought to himself how about the shape of the seeds?
- because some peas were rounded and some were wrinkled. He wondered if
- these followed the same pattern as did the height.
- It was an amazing discovery, and people began by shrugging and
- saying "so what, what does it amount to," "Does it concern raising
- peas, or even all plants. But there is also the world of animals and
- there appearance is probably still a mystery."
- These doubters were wrong. Cattle herders often say Mendel has
- helped us for instance when we mate cattle we mate a hornless with a
- horn one and three out of every four are horn. All over the world
- biologists began to test Mendel's theory. All sorts of animals as well
- as plants were raised. Many people began to wonder who Mendel was and
- what his laws were all about. But Mendel was dead, and the fame that
- had passed him by when he was a monk could now only honor his memory
- Mendel's experiments were so careful. He grew more than ten
- thousand pea plants before he felt he was right. We owe a new science
- to Mendel; it is the science of breeding and growing, genetics, and its
- laws are the ones Gregor Johann Mendel discovered as he raked, hoed and
- tended his little garden.
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- Bibliography
-
- Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia : Volume 16
-
- Heros Of Civilization : Joseph Cottler & Haym Jaffe, Copyright
- 1931 : Little, Brown and Company ; Boston
-
- Gregor Mendel : Father Of The Science Of Genetics : H. Sootin,
- Copyright 1959 : The Copp Clark Publishing Co., Toronto